Roman to Integer(罗马数字转整数) – 每天一道算法题
题目 #
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII
, which is simply X
+ II
. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII
, which is XX
+ V
+ II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III"
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
题目大意 #
罗马数字包含以下七种字符: I, V, X, L,C,D 和 M。
字符 数值
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
例如, 罗马数字 2 写做 II ,即为两个并列的 1。12 写做 XII ,即为 X + II 。 27 写做 XXVII, 即为 XX + V + II 。
通常情况下,罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例,例如 4 不写做 IIII,而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边,所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地,数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况:
- I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边,来表示 4 和 9。
- X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边,来表示 40 和 90。
- C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边,来表示 400 和 900。
给定一个罗马数字,将其转换成整数。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。
解题思路 #
- 给定一个罗马数字,将其转换成整数。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内。
- 简单题。按照题目中罗马数字的字符数值,计算出对应罗马数字的十进制数即可。
golang代码 #
var symbolValues = map[byte]int{'I': 1, 'V': 5, 'X': 10, 'L': 50, 'C': 100, 'D': 500, 'M': 1000}
func romanToInt(s string) (ans int) {
n := len(s)
for i := range s {
value := symbolValues[s[i]]
if i < n-1 && value < symbolValues[s[i+1]] {
ans -= value
} else {
ans += value
}
}
return
}
java代码 #
class Solution {
Map<Character, Integer> symbolValues = new HashMap<Character, Integer>() {{
put('I', 1);
put('V', 5);
put('X', 10);
put('L', 50);
put('C', 100);
put('D', 500);
put('M', 1000);
}};
public int romanToInt(String s) {
int ans = 0;
int n = s.length();
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int value = symbolValues.get(s.charAt(i));
if (i < n - 1 && value < symbolValues.get(s.charAt(i + 1))) {
ans -= value;
} else {
ans += value;
}
}
return ans;
}
}
python代码 #
class Solution:
SYMBOL_VALUES = {
'I': 1,
'V': 5,
'X': 10,
'L': 50,
'C': 100,
'D': 500,
'M': 1000,
}
def romanToInt(self, s: str) -> int:
ans = 0
n = len(s)
for i, ch in enumerate(s):
value = Solution.SYMBOL_VALUES[ch]
if i < n - 1 and value < Solution.SYMBOL_VALUES[s[i + 1]]:
ans -= value
else:
ans += value
return ans